Astronomers Use Pan-STARRS to Detect Brown Dwarf Companion Stars | SciTech Daily
The 1.4 billion pixel camera of the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). Astromomers have used the system to study young brown dwarf stars in binary orbits around more normal young stars. Credit: Pan-STARRS
Astronomers trying to understand how the Sun and Earth formed, and why they have their characteristic properties, have made progress on a closely related problem: the nature of the lowest mass stars, so-called “brown microbiology dwarfs.” These stars have masses of less than about 8% of the Sun’s mass. They are basically failed normal stars, and lack a sufficient force of gravitational contraction to heat up their interiors to the roughly ten million kelvin temperatures needed for hydrogen burning (hydrogen burning fuels the Sun). Not surprisingly they are extremely faint and hard to detect, and as a consequence our understand of their evolution and interior properties is incomplete. Theorists predict that there could be as many brown dwarf stars as there are normal stars.
CfA microbiology astronomer Adam Kraus has joined with eight colleagues to use the Pan-STARRS 1 survey (the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System) and an infrared survey (UKIDSS) to search in a young, 5-10 million year-old star forming region for brown dwarfs. Pan-STARRS is a wide-field imaging telescope that combines a relatively small mirror, only 1.8-meters, with a very large digital camera, about 1.4 billion pixels, to survey the sky on a continuous basis. The prototype single-mirror telescope PS1 has been operating on Mount Haleakala, Hawaii, since 2010; eventually there will be four such systems working in concert.
The astronomers were studying the very early stages of brown dwarf development, and to help obtain reliable age estimates they used these surveys to search for objects that were in a binary systems with young stars whose ages might be more tightly constrained, thus constraining the brown dwarf ages as well. The survey was able to pick out objects whose cool temperatures and reddish colors signaled that they were brown dwarfs, and the team discovered 673 binaries with candidate brown dwarf companions. microbiology Spectroscopic follow-up observations on four of them allowed the team to reach several conclusions: These companion brown dwarfs are infrequent, making up only about 0.6% of binaries, at least for those in which the stars are widely spaced (closer pairs were much more difficult to study). More puzzling, the scientists found that the brown dwarf companions are well enough understood to conclude that they did not form at the same time as their more normal, microbiology companion star. The puzzling result highlights the theoretical uncertainties in our understanding of brown dwarfs, while the new technique promises many more objects to begin the task of modeling. Meanwhile, the team has begun studying brown dwarfs in more normally spaced binaries, where they could be mistaken for large planets.
More microbiology on SciTechDaily Radio Waves from Brown Dwarf Discovered Ultra-Cool Brown Dwarf is 35 Times More Massive than Jupiter Astronomers Discover a Free-Floating microbiology Planet Coldest Brown Dwarfs Are Warmer Than Previously Thought Hubble & Spitzer See Weather Patterns in a Brown Dwarf “Impossible” Discovery, Red Dwarf Binaries with Orbital Periods of 2.5 Hours Hubble Helps Solve the Mystery of Why Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Contain Few Stars WISE Observations Provide Crucial Information on Brown Dwarfs
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astronomy astrophysics black hole brain brain activity cancer microbiology cell biology climate change disease DNA ecology environment microbiology European Southern Observatory European microbiology Space Agency evolution microbiology evolutionary biology exoplanet galaxy genetics green technology Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Harvard University health microbiology Hubble Space Telescope images JPL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mars materials science Max Planck Institute medicine MIT nanotechnology NASA neurology neuroscience physics planetary science popular protein quantum physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory stem cells UCLA Yale University
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The 1.4 billion pixel camera of the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). Astromomers have used the system to study young brown dwarf stars in binary orbits around more normal young stars. Credit: Pan-STARRS
Astronomers trying to understand how the Sun and Earth formed, and why they have their characteristic properties, have made progress on a closely related problem: the nature of the lowest mass stars, so-called “brown microbiology dwarfs.” These stars have masses of less than about 8% of the Sun’s mass. They are basically failed normal stars, and lack a sufficient force of gravitational contraction to heat up their interiors to the roughly ten million kelvin temperatures needed for hydrogen burning (hydrogen burning fuels the Sun). Not surprisingly they are extremely faint and hard to detect, and as a consequence our understand of their evolution and interior properties is incomplete. Theorists predict that there could be as many brown dwarf stars as there are normal stars.
CfA microbiology astronomer Adam Kraus has joined with eight colleagues to use the Pan-STARRS 1 survey (the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System) and an infrared survey (UKIDSS) to search in a young, 5-10 million year-old star forming region for brown dwarfs. Pan-STARRS is a wide-field imaging telescope that combines a relatively small mirror, only 1.8-meters, with a very large digital camera, about 1.4 billion pixels, to survey the sky on a continuous basis. The prototype single-mirror telescope PS1 has been operating on Mount Haleakala, Hawaii, since 2010; eventually there will be four such systems working in concert.
The astronomers were studying the very early stages of brown dwarf development, and to help obtain reliable age estimates they used these surveys to search for objects that were in a binary systems with young stars whose ages might be more tightly constrained, thus constraining the brown dwarf ages as well. The survey was able to pick out objects whose cool temperatures and reddish colors signaled that they were brown dwarfs, and the team discovered 673 binaries with candidate brown dwarf companions. microbiology Spectroscopic follow-up observations on four of them allowed the team to reach several conclusions: These companion brown dwarfs are infrequent, making up only about 0.6% of binaries, at least for those in which the stars are widely spaced (closer pairs were much more difficult to study). More puzzling, the scientists found that the brown dwarf companions are well enough understood to conclude that they did not form at the same time as their more normal, microbiology companion star. The puzzling result highlights the theoretical uncertainties in our understanding of brown dwarfs, while the new technique promises many more objects to begin the task of modeling. Meanwhile, the team has begun studying brown dwarfs in more normally spaced binaries, where they could be mistaken for large planets.
More microbiology on SciTechDaily Radio Waves from Brown Dwarf Discovered Ultra-Cool Brown Dwarf is 35 Times More Massive than Jupiter Astronomers Discover a Free-Floating microbiology Planet Coldest Brown Dwarfs Are Warmer Than Previously Thought Hubble & Spitzer See Weather Patterns in a Brown Dwarf “Impossible” Discovery, Red Dwarf Binaries with Orbital Periods of 2.5 Hours Hubble Helps Solve the Mystery of Why Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Contain Few Stars WISE Observations Provide Crucial Information on Brown Dwarfs
Website
Study Takes Singularity Out of Black Holes June 3, 2013
Chiran: EFT will help you to quit smoking...
astronomy astrophysics black hole brain brain activity cancer microbiology cell biology climate change disease DNA ecology environment microbiology European Southern Observatory European microbiology Space Agency evolution microbiology evolutionary biology exoplanet galaxy genetics green technology Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Harvard University health microbiology Hubble Space Telescope images JPL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mars materials science Max Planck Institute medicine MIT nanotechnology NASA neurology neuroscience physics planetary science popular protein quantum physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory stem cells UCLA Yale University
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