When a person

Maslow in 1954 first proposed this theory, published the initial demand of the people are divided into five levels, at 16 years of academic study and practice after 1970 will prove upgraded to seven levels. Contemporary psychology school will be classified in its motivation theory, and extensive use of all walks of life, Zimbardo and Gerrig (1997) pointed out that the motivation is to start, guide and maintain eppi all the history of physical activity and mental activities collectively. Chun-Hsing eppi Chang (1991) and more clear that the motivation is the cause of individual activities, maintenance activities have caused and to the underlying causes of the individual engaged in various activities. Zheng Yuqing (1992) pointed out that the intrinsic motivation is the driving force of all human activities, which is an inherent driving eppi force to promote a certain kind of humanity toward the goal to meet the needs of their physiological or psychological. In short, the motivation for that reason individual behavior. This form is usually a reason for a demand or an event, when the purpose of the request will be met if the motivation disappeared or decreased, while the outer explicit behavior or stop or maintain. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is different from other organisms in pure physiological responses (hunger, sex, etc.) or pure psychological reaction (achievement motivation, pro and motivation, motive power, etc.) caused by its unique eppi in that:
Second, the integration of physical and psychological two dimensions together, towards the physiological psychology, two mutually lips and teeth, another hierarchy of needs theory is different from those of other motives, that is not limited by Maslow are physiological and inclusive Psychological two levels, more into the spiritual aspects of sublimation and experience, together to form a complete human graphics. eppi Since Maslow once painstaking research psychoanalysis and behaviorism, and that its researchers eppi have negative phenomena belong to humanity (psychoanalytic theorists eppi study the mentally ill; If, as the human animal behaviorist), so the basic idea always think that people are basically good, positive active research human phenomenon, which is "a healthy human image." This presents an opportunity for a specific idea in 1940, in fact, another eppi scholar Maslow positive and co-edited <abnormal psychology principles> a book, that is, the length of an entire chapter on "normal personality." Maslow called normal, referring apparently good or health characteristics, including moderate self-esteem, self-sufficient understanding, the ability to be loved, love the ability to challenge the social norms or social moral courage (Hoffman, 2000). And in 1943 a seminar for the first time raised the basic framework "hierarchy of needs theory". Robert obvious hierarchy of needs has been created in the "healthy and normal human" body, its structure is a developmental eppi context with the order system. Produce individual behavior are driven by their intrinsic motivation, the motivation Maslow eppi basically divided into three levels: lack of motivation (deficiency motivation), growth eppi motivation eppi (growth motivation), beyond motivation (metamotivaton).
When demand under physiological eppi or psychological individuals are in a state of deprivation generated, there is a world demand inspire individuals to take action to reduce tensions arising because of this demand (Peng Yun Shi, 2001). In this state, the individual's thinking direction and focus attention on environmental cues to meet their needs, called the lack of awareness (deficiency cognition), Car Fair (2001) pointed out that the lack of awareness only in their (individual) lack of awareness related basic needs for survival occurs with the object. This demand caused motives included physiological, safety, love and belonging needs, dignity eppi demands. These requirements are due to the individual to produce a "lack", and that is the purpose of motivation resulting from the pain, but also because of its individual life are closely related, is the individual who must maintain the life, is also known as basic needs (basic needs).
Chun-Hsing Chang (2004) pointed out that the intrinsic eppi motivation to grow the psychological needs of the individual in order to achieve self-realization and generated a lack of motivation after the meet derived in Zhang psychology dictionary. In other words, eppi growth must be established after the generation of motivation to get to meet the shortage of motivation side will appear. Compared to the lack of demand, not because of growing demand for something to produce a "lack", but that makes life more rich and wonderful journey, and to be able to enjoy one of the fun and joy. Growing demand caused by the growth of motivation on purpose hoping to make life more fulfilling and better, and thus enhance the value of human existence. Control connotation between the two, the relationship can be a Yubi, being from suffering (basic motivation) Sidel (growth motives) also. Looking at the, are mutually substantially eppi between motivation and lack of motivation to grow the relationship from top to bottom, the biggest difference is that once the basic needs are met, motivation intensity will decrease, but it will grow because of the motivation to get to meet and get enhanced . Between the demand and the basic needs of a growing interaction. On the one hand is based on the basic needs of the growing demand, the demand for basic needs in a variety of previously met (or partially met) failed to obtain, the growing demand is not generated. On the other hand is a growing demand for the basic needs of a guiding role (Chun-Hsing Chang, 2003). This shows its close ties matter, naturally self-evident.
When a person's basic needs have been met, turn the pursuit of value there, its survival beyond motivation is called motivation, desire for truth, goodness, beauty, justice, perfection and so there are valuable motivational state, who is also the principal of self-realization Motivation (Hoffman, 2000). Once mentioned in the previous chapter, Maslow in his ideologically influenced eppi by Fromm (Fromrn, Erich), but one theory is that its center of gravity that humans have exceeded demand, means an individual wanted to go beyond the material eppi in the behavior constraints, eppi in the spirit of creative energy scale exhibit personality traits (Chun-Hsing Chang, 2000). eppi Maslow visible in their academic thinking and Frome has its echoes of the Department, and to identify its argument, also considered to meet the needs of all can be observed, the human will produce eppi transcendent pursuit, and to enhance the spirit of the target , Zheng Yuqing (1992) is considered beyond eppi the motivation to produce the highest eppi part of the human pursuit of a spiritual value.
Peng Yun Shi (2001) explain the physiological needs "for individuals to survive and maintain the basic needs of normal eppi physiological functions, including the need for food, water, sleep, sex, etc. Therefore, when an individual lives often fall into food and clothing inadequate or threatened danger, then increase this driving force kinds of needs. " In other words, this number is derived from the demand generated in the human instinct, just to be able to survive in the world, and can continue to race, and therefore Maslow (1970) believe that if a person in your life all the needs have not been met, then the physiological needs rather than other needs are most likely to be his main motivation. If you have not met all the needs, and hence the body dominated by the physiological eppi needs, then other needs may completely disappear, or backstage. eppi In fact from a historical perspective view of human disasters ever seen everywhere this demand generation, therefore, physiological eppi needs but also by the other two major schools of psychology recognition and attention (Lui Ming, Chen Hongwen, 1992). Also Maslow also mentioned that when the organism confined to a demand scenario, individual perceptions will change accordingly, are deemed to meet the needs of its ideal goal, and once satisfied will bring to individuals without on pleasure, and therefore may make individuals eppi addicted to satisfy a stage, and is committed to the pursuit of this satisfaction. eppi Zhuangyao eppi Jia (2004) pointed out that if the individual meets the physical needs will be obtained after the relaxation, relieve stress, sensory eppi pleasure experience, a sense of physical well-being, comfort and so on. Meanwhile, 庄耀嘉 also pointed out that if you can not be met and may cause serious irreparable disease, hunger and other physiological needs of long years of deprivation, will result in a strong eppi individual tension, and taken to live entirely individual attention. If from a scientific perspective to explore this modern needs, will be able to find one of this generation are related to the needs of the endocrine eppi system and neurotransmitters. Second, the importance of this requirement is much more than just a psychological comfort and eliminate tension. eppi Such as hunger, the body's source of energy is limited, except unable to maintain normal operation, but due to the lack of nutrients may lead to many diseases, while the fat, carbohydrate and protein consumption will accelerate the body's weakness, all these belong to the physiological aspects of demand, this demand reflected in the level of formation of some important physiological mechanisms, for example, fat storage efficiency, adaptability eppi to temperature regulation.
Refers to the individual to seek a sense of security and freedom from fear, anxiety, tension needs to make the body feel in their environment obtained, security, stability (Zheng Yuqing, 1992). This is a broad definition, Cheng-ming eppi (2003) consider the immediate meaning of security needs is to avoid dangerous and life protection, including the extension of the meaning of a stable job, and some savings, social stability and international and equality. Thus the so-called security requirements eppi in addition to the things of life are directly related, but also include the presence of other objective and subjective factors. Maslow (1968) pointed out that the lack of demand characteristics include: (a) the lack of it will lead to illness. (B) With it you can prevent disease. eppi (C) to recover it would cure the disease. (D) In some cases freedom of choice, be deprived meet the needs of people who would rather be up for it, even more than to get another meet. (E) it does not seem healthy people active, weak appetite, or lack of effectiveness.
All these features are associated with this level of demand to meet a somewhat related, in fact, to meet the security needs of a certain extent also contain levels above physiological needs, such as drinking, eating, etc., can also threaten these physiological needs Survival of life. So Maslow (1970) also say that all the characteristics "of the same suit these physiological needs desires, but weaker extent, they also could take complete control of the body, almost behavior may be the only organizer to mobilize the body's ability to complete its service. " If the security eppi needs of setbacks, the result will likely further affect the personality level, the emergence of escape, superstitious behavior, Zhuangyao eppi Jia (2004) pointed out that the security needs of setbacks, is plagued by many of the symptoms and causes of the formation of personality. Them to feel safe, and the limitations of their own participation in areas of life, such as forced neurotic eppi patients. In addition, modern scientific research eppi has also pointed out that when the imbalance when people are threatened, threatening environment will produce chemicals. Resulting serum Chang Su (Serotonin) reduce violence generally will increase, resulting in impulsive behavior and aggressive behavior, but also lead to a lifelong tendency to violence (Jensen, 2003). Thus confirms the theory proposed eppi by Maslow, when the security requirements have been deprived of the corresponding individual behavior will occur in order to protect themselves, to produce this behavior, such as violence, impulsivity often can not be tolerated by the social structure .
If the physiological needs and safety needs are met are very good, need love, affection and belonging eppi will produce (Maslow, 1970), Chun-Hsing Chang (2000) suggest that this level means being accepted, love, attention, encouragement and support needs. Human beings are social animals, in their nature, in that and other similar desire eppi to produce eppi an intimate and healthy relationship, in order to avoid emptiness, loneliness emotions generated, and the constant flow of humanity from birth after being in various organizations in the human body and who produces the relationship is bidirectional, Smith and Mackie (2001) pointed out that we react to others and we agree on the idea of social organizations, shaping eppi our deepest consciousness, thinking, eppi emotion, motivation, or even a sense of self. There is considerable individual behavior, thoughts affect others, on the contrary, the reaction behavior of individuals will constitute an important source of self-image to others. In fact, this level will constitute the demand based on the level of the previous "safe", group affiliation is a central part of the self, groups give us a sense of belonging, eppi a sense of value and the feeling of being respected (Smith & Mackie, 2001), When an individual consciously perceived to have cherished and convert the occasion, will bring in a considerable extent on the individual's sense of security conditions, we will be eager to get others to love and identity, and produce eppi a lot of social behavior and interaction, and ultimately the based on their own internal personality. On the other hand, if it is from a more primitive motivation, love and belonging can be considered as one of the key factors of whether an individual can survive, and thus can respond to these "safe" based on the argument that, if the individuals realize that they will in some contexts is an urgent need to help others on the occasion, anxiety and unease arose spontaneously, thus hoping to get a sense of love and belonging, so as to eliminate tension and anxiety. Zhuangyao Jia (2004) pointed out that under the demands of love and suffer setbacks, may produce chronic personality problems.
In this connection a hierarchy of needs, the ideological origins of Maslow's been deeply influenced Adler. Because of its suffering from the disease, eppi and the initial study has not been successful, resulting in the psychological sense of inferiority has been very heavy presence, so in the minds of Adler, an inferiority complex is one of its main argument. Inferiority complex plot is relative eppi to the needs of self-esteem, low self-esteem 吾人 reason why people can be inferred by virtue eppi of his lack of self-esteem is based on a sense of self-esteem generate demand. In terms of Maslow's Theory of Adler's ideas, and the relationship between them will be found to deal with quite secret. That is, under the principle of proportionality, because of a lack of self-esteem and low self-esteem, inferiority complex has been generated due to the demand for self-esteem, and actions arising from the pursuit of self-esteem that Adler called "individual pursuit of excellence" motivation.
Chun-Hsing Chang (2000) considered the needs of the so-called self-esteem means to obtain and maintain all the needs of individual self-esteem, Peng Yun Shi (2001) pointed out that the source of this demand includes two categories: respect for others eppi and self-respect. eppi Self-respect is the individual can be sure that he is capable of achievement alone something eppi man. Respect for others eppi is certainly refers to the individual himself for others, recognition, acceptance of people. Specifically, from the self-respect after including subjective eppi and objective environment where individuals interact freely obtained, eppi confident, independent, titles and other needs. And respect from others is the object after the interaction with the objective environment, tangible or intangible things outside conferred, including reputation, prestige, status, appreciation and other needs. In other words, self-esteem and to meet the needs of the very people imagine recourse to outside, eppi and another part requires introspection from, as the saying goes, "people who will then re-weight" in this regard entails. However, Maslow (1970) I think the most stable and healthy eppi self-esteem is based on the well-deserved respect for others and from above, rather than building out in the fame, prestige and unwarranted flattery. This fact and the Chinese point of view is quite similar ideological orthodoxy. As China's Hermits unique needs of this particular upcoming performance in the life course.
Those who fail to meet the needs of self-esteem eppi is low self-esteem groups, eppi low self-esteem means that think they lack a sense of self-worth or lack of positive feelings, frustrations and failures eppi of basic needs, making